Microbial Enzymes Based Technologies for Bioremediation of Pollutions

Abstract

Environmental pollution comes from a variety of sources. With the development of human civilization, the development of technology, and the increasing population, the world is now facing environmental pollution. Since environmental health has a direct effect on human health, therefore environmental protection is one of the most essential human problems. Removal of pollutants is a significant issue that, if not paid enough attention to, the next generation will face serious problems. Chemical and biological methods can be used to remove contaminants, but since the use of chemical methods will result in wastes that can cause contamination, the use of biological treatment methods such as bioremediation is a better and less dangerous to remove contaminants. In the bioremediation process, fungi or bacteria and their enzymes are used to clean and purify pollution. In this waste management technique living organisms or their enzymes uses to remove or neutralize contaminants. Mechanisms of enzymes that related bioremediation such as hydrolases and oxidoreductases have been widely studied. This chapter investigates information on the microbial enzymes from different microorganisms involved in the biodegradation of a broad range of pollutants.